Slow-growing evergreen shrub/small tree, grows 15 to 30’. May have a single trunk, or several more bush like stems.

Bark: smooth and silver-gray.
Leaves: 1 to 3” leaves are dark green, thick, waxy and shiny. They usually have sharp, thick spines along the leaf edges, but leaves on older branches may be smooth. Some cultivated varieties have variegated leaves.
Flowers: small, white, inconspicuous, and sweet smelling.
Berries: Red & used with leaves as Christmas decorations. Plants are male or female, with berries found only on female plants.
Eradicate: 1) Pull up with 5-6” of root. 2) Cut as close to ground as possible and apply SJI County herbicide to stems in ground. Contact Noxious Weed Committee or SJI County Noxious Weed Control Board for herbicide.